Current Status of Urban Hydrology in Finland
Due to a smaller scale of urban problems on Finland, active research work on urban hydrology began as late as in the mid-1970's. The major urban hydrology and related studies...
Existing Sewer Evaluation and Rehabilitation
Guidlines for the evaluation and rehabilitation of sanitary sewers are presented. The purpose and scope of sanitary sewer rehabilitation is described. The major emphasis is on filtration...
Addressing Societal Needs of the 1980's Through Civil Engineering Research
Critical issues facing society in ten subdisciplines of civil engineering are defined and the research required to provide solutions to these issues in each area is identified. The ten...
Sanitary Sewer Design
Good sanitary sewer design practice requires evaluation of alternative locations, slopes and pipe sizes. However, cost considerations generally keep alternative evaluations to a minimum....
What Type of Sewer Pipe is Best? Life-cycle Cost Analysis Yields Answer
In the past, many engineers have selected the type of sewer pipe for a particular project based mainly on a comparison of initial costs of concrete, steel, and other types of pipes. This...
Gravity Sanitary Sewer Design and Construction
This Manual provides both theoretical and pracctical guidelines for the design and construction of gravity sanitary sewers. The initial chapter introduces the organization and administrative...
Why Bother with Historic Preservation�
Two case histories are examined regarding old dams that were preserved because of their historic importance, as well as their practical use. One example concerns a dam that was exposed...
Vacuum Sewers�� the Future for Sewage Collection�
Patented in the 19th Century, vacuum sewers are making a comeback. Vacuum is created and maintained at a central collection station and extended, through a network of collecting pipes,...
Public Works Directors�Why Do Some Stand Out�
William Hennessy, Commissioner of New York State's DOT began as a junior engineering aide, went into real estate acquisitions for the state and later entered the state's...
Municipal Sewage: Three Communities Try to Cope
To meet federal clean water guidelines, New Hampshire's Winnipesaukee River Basin, the City of San Francisco, and the City of Milwaukee have to upgrade their treatment to...
A Cheap Solution to Pollution from Combined-Sewer Overflows
Every time it rains, the surface waters of many of the older communities around the U.S. are polluted by a mixture of sanitary waste and stormwater. The problem: when the community sewers...
Reducing Sewer Infiltration/Inflow
Under the terms of the EPA Water Pollution Control Legislation, cities must eliminate excess infiltration/inflow to be eligible for 75% EPA sewerage construction grants. To determine the...
Intermediate Service Levels in Sanitation Systems
The major alternatives to sewerage are described and their potential for application in developing countries is explored. The reasons why conventional engineering practices have led to...
Sanitary Sewers for Developing Countries
To combat disease, we try to ensure water supply purity. Water is only one of many methods of disease transmission, however, and its purity does not alone eliminate the spread of disease....
Alternative Sewage Systems�Reliable, Cost-Effective
The increasing need to provide adequate sewage disposal systems to meet housing needs of the future should include the evaluation and acceptance of alternative sewage disposal methods....
Milestones in U.S Civil Engineering
Under the general titles of structures, transportation, water resources and sanitary, milestones in American civil engineering are listed in chronological order. An emphasis is placed...
Historic Turning Points in Municipal Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, 1850-1932
1850-1880: Urbanization and development of large public water supplies combined to overload cesspools and privy-vaults. Sewers were constructed to protect public health. 1880-1900: Debate...
Cost-Effectiveness of On-Site and Community Sewerage Alternatives
Some research and development work has taken place, over many years, on individual on-site treatment and disposal systems as well as non-conventional systems. Most recent work, however,...
Sewering the City of New York
The establishment of a centralized sewerage agency in 1963 has enabled the development of a program to upgrade and augment New York City's sewer system to meet the vital life...
Austin's 11-Mile Sewer Tunnel Reflects Sound Economic, Environmental Alternatives
An 11-mile long $20,000,000 concrete-lined continuous tunnel has just been completed across the City of Austin to serve as a sanitary sewer. Most of the tunnel is more than 100-ft (30.5-m)...
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